What materials are the images printed on?
Fine art prints are made with care on luxurious Hahnemuhle textured white fine art paper with premium archival inks, producing images with smooth tones and rich colors.
How do you capture these images?
I use high-end telescopes mounted on motorized equatorial mounts that track the night sky with precision. My cameras include monochrome and color CMOS sensors that collect light across multiple exposures. For deep-sky images, I often shoot 20 or more hours of total exposure time through filters that isolate specific wavelengths of light such as hydrogen-alpha, oxygen-III, and sulfur-II.
The raw data is stacked, calibrated, and processed using professional astrophotography software like PixInsight and AstroPixelProcessor to bring out the faintest detail while preserving scientific accuracy.
Were these images made with AI?
No, none of these images was created or enhanced with AI.
I personally captured every image on this site with my own telescopes and cameras, in many cases with exposures of 40 or more hours taken over multiple nights. Yes, it gets cold on the mountaintops at night. The individual sub-exposures are combined and processed with specialized image processing software.
Some images were created with narrowband filters and monochrome cameras capture signals in specific wavelengths, such as those emitted by hydrogen or oxygen ions. These signals are then mapped to red, green, and blue for rendering in Photoshop. Other than these so-called “false color” images, all the photographs here attempt to replicate the actual colors of these objects as they would be seen by human eyes.
What kinds of telescopes do you use?
I use a variety of telescopes and cameras:
- 35mm DSLR cameras with a variety of lenses, for capturing the Milky Way, constellations, and starscapes.
- apochromatic refractors with focal lengths from ~400mm to ~700mm. for capturing nebulae, clusters, and some of the larger galaxies;
- Schmidt-Cassegrain telescopes with focal lengths from ~2,000 to 3,000 mm for high-resolution images of galaxies and planets.
These instruments are mounted on precision equatorial mounts for accurate tracking, allowing me to take long exposures without star trails.